§524
The principal parts of the μι verb τίθημι, I place, I put, are as follows:
The stem of τίθημι is θε-. The present system is reduplicated after the same manner as δίδωμι. The future is regular. The first aorist is regular except that (like δίδωμι) it has κ instead of σ. The perfect active and the perfect middle are regular except that θε- is lengthened to θει- instead of to θη-. The aorist passive is regular except that (1) the final vowel of the stem is not lengthened, and (2) the stem θε- is changed to τε- to avoid having two θ’s come in successive syllables.
§526
Learn the active voice of the present system of τίθημι in §598.
§527
The treatment of the stem and of the endings in the present system is very much the same as in the case of δίδωμι. The declension of the participle τιθείς is like that of λυθείς, the aorist passive participle of λύω.
§528
Learn the active voice of the aorist system of τίθημι in §599.
§529
Like δίδωμι, τίθημι has a first aorist active in the indicative and a second aorist active in the other moods. The second aorist participle θείς is declined like the present participle τιθείς.
§530
The present middle and aorist middle forms of τίθημι can easily be recognized when they occur, if it be remembered that the second aorist has the mere verb stem θε-, whereas the present has the stem τιθε-. Thus if a form ἀνεθέμην be encountered, the student should see that ἀν- is plainly the preposition ἀνα-, ε is the augment, θε is the stem of τίθημι, and -μην is the secondary ending in the first person singular middle. Therefore, the form is second aorist middle indicative, first person singular. On the other hand, ἐτίθεντο belongs to the present system because it has the τι- which is the sign of the present system; it is imperfect, not present, because it has the augment and a secondary ending. It is evidently imperfect middle or passive indicative, third person plural.
531. ἀφίημι, I let go, I permit, I leave, I forgive, is a compound verb composed of the preposition ἀπό (ἀφ᾽ before the rough breathing) and the μὲ verb ἵημι. The stem of ἵημι is ἑ-.
§532
The forms can usually be recognized if it be remembered that the ἱ- before the stem ἑ- is the sign of the present system, and that the short forms with ἑ- alone are second aorist. Thus ἀφείς is evidently second aorist participle (εἵς coming from the stem ἑ- as θείς from the stem θε-). In the indicative there is a first aorist active in κ instead of σ, as is the case with δίδωμι and τίθημι. The irregular forms of ἀφίημι can be found in the lexicons and reference grammars.
§533
These two verbs have some μι forms in the present system. The μι forms can be recognized from the fact that they add the personal ending directly to the present stem. The present stem ends in υ. Both δείκνυμι and ἀπόλλυμι are also sometimes conjugated like ω verbs even in the present system. See the vocabulary.
ὥστε, so that, expressing result, is sometimes followed by the accusative and infinitive.
Example: ἐθεράπευσεν αὐτοὺς" ὥστε τὸν ὄχλον θαυμάσαι....., he healed them; so that the crowd marvelled.....
§535
The accent of ὥστε apparently violates the general rules of accent. But originally the τε was an enclitic separate from the ὡς. So also ὥσπερ and οὔτε (for the latter see vocabulary in Lesson XXXIII).
§536
The conjunction éws, when it means until, takes the subjunctive with ἄν, except when the verb which it introduces refers to an actual occurrence in past time. The ἄν is sometimes omitted. When éws means while, it takes the indicative. The phrase ἕως οὗ in which ἕως is a preposition and ov the genitive singular neuter of the relative pronoun, has the same meaning as éws (conjunction) alone.
Examples: (1) μείνατε ἕως ἂν ἔλθω, remain until I come. (2) ἔμεινεν ἕως οὗ ἦλθον, he remained until I came (actual occurrence in past time).
