§366
The masculine and neuter stem is παντ- and the word is declined nearly like the first aorist active participle of Avw. But the accent is slightly irregular in the masculine and neuter, since it follows the rule for monosyllables of the third declension (see §221) in the singular but not in the plural.
πᾶς can stand in the predicate position with a noun that has the article. This usage corresponds so exactly with English as to call for little explanation.
Example: πᾶσα ἡ πόλις, all the city.
§368
But πᾶς can also stand in the attributive position. Example: ἡ πᾶσα πόλις, the whole city; οἱ πάντες μαθηταί, the whole body of disciples, all the disciples.
§369
With a singular noun, πᾶς often means every.
Example: πᾶν ὄρος, every mountain.
Examples: πᾶς ὁ πιστεύων, everyone who believes; πάντες οἱ πιστεύοντες, all those who believe; πάντα τὰ ὄντα ἐκεῖ, all the things that are there.
§370
Learn the declension of πολύς, πολλή, πολύ, much, many, great, and of μέγας, μεγάλη, μέγα, great, in §§574, 575. It will be observed that except for the short forms in the
§371
The slight irregularities should be noticed.
A table appears here in the book — see Paradigms below.
§372
The declension of οὐδείς, οὐδεμία, οὐδέν, no one, and μηδείς, μηδεμία, μηδέν, no one, is like that of εἷς.
δύο, two, is indeclinable (the same for all cases and genders) except that it has a dative form δυσί(ν).
§374
The declension of τρεῖς, τρία, three, and of τέσσαρες, τέσσαρα, four, may be found in §588.
§375
The other cardinal numerals up to διακόσιοι, two hundred, are indeclinable.
Attributive and Substantive Uses of Prepositional Phrases and of the Genitive
§376
Prepositional phrases are frequently treated as attributive adjectives, being placed after the article.
Example: οἱ ἐν ἐκείνῃ τῇ πόλει μαθηταί, or of μαθηταὶ οἱ ἐν ἐκείνῃ τῇ πόλει, the in-that-city disciples, or (by a free translation) the disciples who are ἴον, if the leading verb is past, were] in that city. Here the prepositional phrase takes the exact place of an attributive adjective. It will be remembered that οἱ ἀγαθοὶ μαθηταί or of μαθηταὶ οἱ ἀγαθοί means the good disciples (see §70). If in these two Greek phrases ἐν τῇ πόλει be substituted for the attributive adjective ἀγαθοί we have the idiom now under discussion,
§377
Like other attributive adjectives, these prepositional phrases can be used substantively.
Example: As οἱ ἀγαθοί means the good men, so οἱ ἐν τῇ πόλει means the in-the-city men, or the men who are (or were) in the city.
§378
A noun in the genitive case can be used in this same way.
Example: As οἱ ἀγαθοί means the good men, so οἱ τοῦ Ἰησοῦ means the of-Jesus men, the belonging-to-Jesus men, | the ones
§379
The genitive in this usage may indicate various relationships. Sometimes it indicates sonship. Thus ὁ τοῦ Ζεβεδαίου may mean the son of Zebedee. The context must determine. All that is certainly implied in the Greek is that the person spoken of is connected in some way with Zebedee. The literal meaning of the phrase is the belonging-to-Zebedee man.
§380
Notice that the disciples who are in the city may be expressed by οἱ μαθηταὶ οἱ ὄντες ἐν τῇ πόλει, the being-in-the-city disciples. But the ὄντες is not needed. So also those who are in the city might be οἱ ὄντες ἐν τῇ πόλει, the being-in-the-city people. But again the ὄντες is not needed. The prepositional phrase can be used as an attributive adjective just as well as the participle (with its modifiers) can.
§381
All three of the idioms just discussed (οἱ ἐν τῇ πόλει μαθηταί, οἱ ἐν τῇ πόλει, and οἱ τοῦ Ἰησοῦ) are important. It should now be increasingly evident how much of Greek syntax is dependent on the distinction between the attributive and the predicate position. See §§68-74.
§382
The accusative is used to express extent of space or time, answering the question how far? or how long?
Examples: ἐπορεύθην μετ’ αὐτοῦ στάδιον ἕν, I went with him one furlong; ἔμεινα μίαν ἡμέραν, I remained one day.
